Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

Who qualifies

• Work credits: Generally 40 credits, with 20 earned in the 10 years ending when you became disabled. Younger workers need fewer. In 2026 you earn one credit for each $1,890 in wages, up to four per year.
• Disability: You meet SSA's definition: unable to perform substantial gainful activity ($1,690/month in 2026, or $2,830 if blind) because of an impairment expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.
• Date last insured: Your disability must begin before your insured status runs out, usually about five years after you stop working. This date can be critical.

Timeline, back pay, and Medicare

• Five-month waiting period: Benefits generally start with the sixth full month after your established onset date.
• Retroactive benefits: SSDI can pay up to 12 months before your application month, if you were disabled then.
• Medicare: Usually begins after 24 months of SSDI entitlement.
• Family benefits: Some family members, such as minor children, may qualify on your record.

Building a strong SSDI claim

• Consistent treatment records documenting your diagnoses and limitations
• Opinions from your treating providers about what you can and can't do: sitting, standing, lifting, concentrating, attendance
• A complete work history for the last five years (SSA looks at past relevant work)
• Accurate, detailed function reports